Chin Soon Ku received a PhD from the University of Malaya, Malaysia, in 2019. Currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science, University of Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, his current research interests including AI techniques (such as genetic algorithm), computer vision, decision support tools, graphical authentication (authentication, picture-based password, graphical password), machine learning, deep learning, speech processing, natural language processing and autonomous logistics fleets. He has published papers on graphical password methods, including techniques to prevent shoulder-surfing attacks and improve password security. Additionally, he has contributed to research on information security, particularly in the context of chatbots and cryptography. He has explored techniques, features, and applications related to mobile phone data, including its use in crime applications and surveys of mobile phone data. In addtion, he has worked on improving optimization algorithms for various applications, such as optimal allocation and scheduling of wind turbine and electric vehicle parking lots, and optimal design of hybrid energy systems. He has conducted research on equity forecasting and stock market predictions, including the use of long short-term memory methods and dynamic indicators.

Ziyu Song is currently a Postdoctoral Researcher at Jilin University. His research focuses on building safe, robust, and generalizable autonomous driving systems, with emphasis on Vision–Language–Action models for driving, data-driven decision-making and planning, vehicle dynamics and robust control, autonomous driving testing and evaluation, and safety-critical driving in complex, real-world scenarios. He received his Ph.D. in Automotive Engineering from Jilin University under the supervision of Professor Haitao Ding, and conducted joint doctoral research at Nanyang Technological University under Professor Chen Lv. He is currently collaborating with Professor Yunfeng Hu on research topics related to autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems. Prior to his academic career, he worked as an engineer at FAW Group.